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A B C D E F G H I J K
L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
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Terms: A-F
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- Address Matching
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The process by which a GIS point layer is generated by calculating a geographic
coordinate by comparing an address located in a table to an address in a line layer
containing address information. A location is assigned a coordinate based on rules
and standards and accuracy of the address information.
- Buffer Zones
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An area that is created around a feature at a specified distance away from that
feature.
- Cartography
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The art, science, and technology to spatially represent a phenomena through map
making.
- Choropleth Map
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A thematic map that represents a geographic area that is assigned a distinctive
color or shade based on an assigned value for that geographical phenomenon. Values
are grouped into classes. Maps should use between 4 to 6 classes. Also referred
to as an area or shaded map.
- Coverage
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A coverage is a vector GIS layer for ESRI ArcInfo software that stores the geographic
location and attribute information for a geographic feature. The associated tables
are stored as a directory with a corresponding ‘info’ directory.
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Terms: G-K
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- Geocoding
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See Address Matching.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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GIS is comprised of software, hardware, people, and procedures to generate, view,
and manipulate information that is geographic in nature.
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
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- Intranet
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A network that links computers internally in an organization and is separate from
the outside world.
- Internet
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A network that links computers world-wide.
- IP Address
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(Internet Protocol Address) A numeric address assigned to a machine enabling it
to be located on the Internet.
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Terms: L-R
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- Layer
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A geograpihc feature that has been grouped into one idividual data level either
by topic or geographic characteristics and represented as either a point, a line
or an area which is registered to a common geographic coordinate system. (Also refered
to as the Thematic Layers or GIS Layer
- Map Algebra
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The application of simple operators on thematic layer(s) or attribute(s) that results
in a new layer based on the formula applied. Some operations include: arithmetic
( +, -, /, * ), boolean (and, not, or, and/or,true, false), relational (<, <=, <>,
=, >, and >=) , logarithm, power, and trigonometric.
- MrSid
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A file format developed by Lizardtech that uses a high compression ratio to reduce
"tiff" file size to improve load and view time when using images (for more information
refer to
LizardTech).
- Proportional Symbol Map
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A thematic map that uses points to represent a phenomena found in a geographic area
that is sized based on a value.
- Raster
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The representation of a geographic feature by a series of uniform cells organized
into rows and columns and assigning a real-world value to each cell to depict an
attribute (typically square). Size of the cell varies depending on scale (example:
100m x 100m).
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Terms: S-Z
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- Shapefile
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A shapefile is a vector GIS layer for ESRI ArcView software that stores geographic
location and attribute information about a feature. It is comprised of three required
files: .shp (file that stores the geometry), .shx (file that stores the index of
the feature geometry) , and .dbf (file that stores the attribute information). A
shapefile can also include the following files with a layer but are not required:
.sbn, .fbn, .ain, .prj, and .xml. All associated files should remain together.
- Vector
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The representation of a geographic feature by using points, lines, or areas (polygons).
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References:
Bernhardsen, Tor. 1992. Geographic Information Systems. Biak IT: Arendal,
Norway. ISBN 82-991928-3-8.
Dent, Borden D. 1993. Cartography Thematic Map Design, 3rd. Edition. Wm.
C. Brown Publishers:Dubuque, Iowa. ISBN 0-697-13589-6.
ESRI. 2000. ArcView version 3.2. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.:
Readlands, California.
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